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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

12. Medikamentöse und invasive Therapieoptionen

verfasst von : Mario Prosiegel

Erschienen in: Dysphagie

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel behandelt medikamentöse und invasive medizinische Interventionen, die bei Dysphagien zum Einsatz kommen können. Der 1. Abschnitt widmet sich der Pharmakotherapie und zeigt auf, dass – abgesehen von einer kausalen Therapie der Grunderkrankung – nur wenige Präparate existieren, die Schluckstörungen positiv beeinflussen bzw. das Risiko von Aspirationspneumonien minimieren können. Bei Öffnungsstörungen des oberen Ösophagussphinkters (oÖS) ist bei gegebener Indikation eine cricopharyngeale Injektion von Botulinum-Neurotoxin (BoNT) oft sehr wirksam. Zahlreiche mit Dysphagien assoziierte oder interagierende Störungen – etwa gastroösophagealer Reflux oder Sialorrhö – sprechen auf Pharmakotherapie ebenfalls gut an. Im 2. Abschnitt geht es schwerpunktmäßig um die cricopharyngeale Myotomie und ihre Indikation bei primärer oÖS-Öffnungsstörung bzw. beim Zenker-Divertikel; auch operative Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Aspirationen – z. B. (reversibler) Glottisverschluss – werden behandelt. Der 3. Abschnitt beschäftigt sich mit der Dilatation des oÖS bei strukturell oder funktionell bedingten oÖS-Öffnungsstörungen; in diesem Abschnitt werden abschließend Myotomie, BoNT-Behandlung und Dilatationstherapie hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit bei oÖS-Öffnungsstörungen miteinander verglichen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Medikamentöse und invasive Therapieoptionen
verfasst von
Mario Prosiegel
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66430-8_12