Ausbildung und Implementierung der Reanimation

1.

Nolan J, Soar J, Eikeland H (2006) The chain of survival. Resuscitation 71:270–271PubMedCrossRef

2.

Soreide E, Morrison L, Hillman K et al (2013) The formula for survival in resuscitation. Resuscitation 84:1487–1493PubMedCrossRef

3.

Chamberlain DA, Hazinski MF (2003) Education in resuscitation. Resuscitation 59:11–43PubMedCrossRef

4.

Morley PT, Lang E, Aickin R et al (2015) Part 2: evidence evaluation and management of conflict of interest for the ILCOR 2015 consensus on science and treatment recommendations. Resuscitation (im Druck)

5.

Berdowski J, Schmohl A, Tijssen JG, Koster RW (2009) Time needed for a regional emergency medical system to implement resuscitation Guidelines 2005 – The Netherlands experience. Resuscitation 80:1336–1341PubMedCrossRef

6.

Bigham BL, Aufderheide TP, Davis DP et al (2010) Knowledge translation in emergency medical services: a qualitative survey of barriers to guideline implementation. Resuscitation 81:836–840PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

7.

Bigham BL, Koprowicz K, Aufderheide TP et al (2010) Delayed prehospital implementation of the 2005 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. Prehosp Emerg Care 14:355–360PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

8.

Kudenchuk PJ, Redshaw JD, Stubbs BA et al (2012) Impact of changes in resuscitation practice on survival and neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resulting from nonshockable arrhythmias. Circulation 125:1787–1794PubMedCrossRef

9.

Steinberg MT, Olsen JA, Brunborg C et al (2015) Minimizing pre-shock chest compression pauses in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation cycle by performing an earlier rhythm analysis. Resuscitation 87:33–37PubMedCrossRef

10.

Swor R, Khan I, Domeier R, Honeycutt L, Chu K, Compton S (2006) CPR training and CPR performance: do CPR-trained bystanders perform CPR? Acad Emerg Med 13:596–601PubMedCrossRef

11.

Tanigawa K, Iwami T, Nishiyama C, Nonogi H, Kawamura T (2011) Are trained individuals more likely to perform bystander CPR? An observational study. Resuscitation 82:523–528PubMedCrossRef

12.

Nielsen AM, Isbye DL, Lippert FK, Rasmussen LS (2013) Can mass education and a television campaign change the attitudes towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rural community? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 21:39PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

13.

Savastano S, Vanni V (2011) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in real life: the most frequent fears of lay rescuers. Resuscitation 82:568–571PubMedCrossRef

14.

Sasson C, Haukoos JS, Bond C et al (2013) Barriers and facilitators to learning and performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in neighborhoods with low bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation prevalence and high rates of cardiac arrest in Columbus, OH. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 6:550–558PubMedCrossRef

15.

King R, Heisler M, Sayre MR et al (2015) Identification of factors integral to designing community-based CPR interventions for high-risk neighborhood residents. Prehosp Emerg Care 19:308–312PubMedCrossRef

16.

Greenberg MR, Barr GC Jr, Rupp VA et al (2012) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation prescription program: a pilot randomized comparator trial. J Emerg Med 43:166–171PubMedCrossRef

17.

Blewer AL, Leary M, Esposito EC et al (2012) Continuous chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation training promotes rescuer self-confidence and increased secondary training: a hospital-based randomized controlled trial*. Crit Care Med 40:787–792PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

18.

Brannon TS, White LA, Kilcrease JN, Richard LD, Spillers JG, Phelps CL (2009) Use of instructional video to prepare parents for learning infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 22:133–137

19.

Haugk M, Robak O, Sterz F et al (2006) High acceptance of a home AED programme by survivors of sudden cardiac arrest and their families. Resuscitation 70:263–274PubMedCrossRef

20.

Knight LJ, Wintch S, Nichols A, Arnolde V, Schroeder AR (2013) Saving a life after discharge: CPR training for parents of high-risk children. J Healthc Qual 35:9–16 (quiz7)PubMedCrossRef

21.

Barr GC Jr, Rupp VA, Hamilton KM et al (2013) Training mothers in infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an instructional DVD and manikin. J Am Osteopath Assoc 113:538–545PubMedCrossRef

22.

Plant N, Taylor K (2013) How best to teach CPR to schoolchildren: a systematic review. Resuscitation 84:415–421PubMedCrossRef

23.

Cave DM, Aufderheide TP, Beeson J et al (2011) Importance and implementation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation in schools: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 123:691–706PubMedCrossRef

24.

Wissenberg M, Lippert FK, Folke F et al (2013) Association of national initiatives to improve cardiac arrest management with rates of bystander intervention and patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Jama 310:1377–1384PubMedCrossRef

25.

Bohn A, Van Aken HK, Mollhoff T et al (2012) Teaching resuscitation in schools: annual tuition by trained teachers is effective starting at age 10. A four-year prospective cohort study. Resuscitation 83:619–625PubMedCrossRef

26.

Stroobants J, Monsieurs K, Devriendt B, Dreezen C, Vets P, Mols P (2014) Schoolchildren as BLS instructors for relatives and friends: impact on attitude towards bystander CPR. Resuscitation 85:1769–1774PubMedCrossRef

27.

Stiell IG, Brown SP, Christenson J et al (2012) What is the role of chest compression depth during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation?*. Crit Care Med 40:1192–1198PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

28.

Song KJ, Shin SD, Park CB et al (2014) Dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a metropolitan city: a before – after population-based study. Resuscitation 85:34–41PubMedCrossRef

29.

Lewis M, Stubbs BA, Eisenberg MS (2013) Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time to identify cardiac arrest and deliver chest compression instructions. Circulation 128:1522–1530PubMedCrossRef

30.

Bohm K, Stalhandske B, Rosenqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L (2009) Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR. Resuscitation 80:1025–1028PubMedCrossRef

31.

Mancini ME, Cazzell M, Kardong-Edgren S, Cason CL (2009) Improving workplace safety training using a self-directed CPR-AED learning program. AAOHN J 57:159–167 (quiz 68–69)PubMedCrossRef

32.

Cason CL, Kardong-Edgren S, Cazzell M, Behan D, Mancini ME (2009) Innovations in basic life support education for healthcare providers: improving competence in cardiopulmonary resuscitation through self-directed learning. J Nurses Staff Dev 25:E1–E13PubMedCrossRef

33.

Einspruch EL, Lynch B, Aufderheide TP, Nichol G, Becker L (2007) Retention of CPR skills learned in a traditional AHA Heartsaver course versus 30-min video self-training: a controlled randomized study. Resuscitation 74:476–486PubMedCrossRef

34.

Lynch B, Einspruch EL, Nichol G, Becker LB, Aufderheide TP, Idris A (2005) Effectiveness of a 30-min CPR self-instruction program for lay responders: a controlled randomized study. Resuscitation 67:31–43PubMedCrossRef

35.

Chung CH, Siu AY, Po LL, Lam CY, Wong PC (2010) Comparing the effectiveness of video self-instruction versus traditional classroom instruction targeted at cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills for laypersons: a prospective randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 16:165–170PubMed

36.

Andersen PO, Jensen MK, Lippert A, Ostergaard D (2010) Identifying non-technical skills and barriers for improvement of teamwork in cardiac arrest teams. Resuscitation 81:695–702PubMedCrossRef

37.

Flin R, Patey R, Glavin R, Maran N (2010) Anaesthetists’ non-technical skills. Br J Anaesth 105:38–44PubMedCrossRef

38.

Iwami T, Kitamura T, Kawamura T et al (2012) Chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with public-access defibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 126:2844–2851PubMedCrossRef

39.

Nielsen AM, Folke F, Lippert FK, Rasmussen LS (2013) Use and benefits of public access defibrillation in a nation-wide network. Resuscitation 84:430–434PubMedCrossRef

40.

Harrison-Paul R, Timmons S, van Schalkwyk WD (2006) Training lay-people to use automatic external defibrillators: are all of their needs being met? Resuscitation 71:80–88PubMedCrossRef

41.

Perkins GD, Travers AH, Considine J et al (2015) Part 3: adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation (im Druck)

42.

Perkins GD, Handley AJ, Koster KW et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Section 2 Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015

43.

Yeung J, Meeks R, Edelson D, Gao F, Soar J, Perkins GD (2009) The use of CPR feedback/prompt devices during training and CPR performance: a systematic review. Resuscitation 80:743–51PubMedCrossRef

44.

Maconochie I, Bingham R, Eich C et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Section 6 Paediatric Life Support. Resuscitation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.028

45.

Hoke RS, Chamberlain DA, Handley AJ (2006) A reference automated external defibrillator provider course for Europe. Resuscitation 69:421–433PubMedCrossRef

46.

Roppolo LP, Pepe PE, Campbell L et al (2007) Prospective, randomized trial of the effectiveness and retention of 30-min layperson training for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators: The American Airlines Study. Resuscitation 74:276–285PubMedCrossRef

47.

Isbye DL, Rasmussen LS, Lippert FK, Rudolph SF, Ringsted CV (2006) Laypersons may learn basic life support in 24 min using a personal resuscitation manikin. Resuscitation 69:435–442PubMedCrossRef

48.

de Vries W, Turner NM, Monsieurs KG, Bierens JJ, Koster RW (2010) Comparison of instructor-led automated external defibrillation training and three alternative DVD-based training methods. Resuscitation 81:1004–1009PubMedCrossRef

49.

Reder S, Cummings P, Quan L (2006) Comparison of three instructional methods for teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of an automatic external defibrillator to high school students. Resuscitation 69:443–453PubMedCrossRef

50.

Roppolo LP, Heymann R, Pepe P et al (2011) A randomized controlled trial comparing traditional training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to self-directed CPR learning in first year medical students: the two-person CPR study. Resuscitation 82:319–325PubMedCrossRef

51.

Yeung J, Okamoto D, Soar J, Perkins GD (2011) AED training and its impact on skill acquisition, retention and performance–a systematic review of alternative training methods. Resuscitation 82:657–664PubMedCrossRef

52.

Deakin CD, Shewry E, Gray HH (2014) Public access defibrillation remains out of reach for most victims of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. Heart 100:619–623PubMedCrossRef

53.

Smith KK, Gilcreast D, Pierce K (2008) Evaluation of staff’s retention of ACLS and BLS skills. Resuscitation 78:59–65PubMedCrossRef

54.

Woollard M, Whitfeild R, Smith A et al (2004) Skill acquisition and retention in automated external defibrillator (AED) use and CPR by lay responders: a prospective study. Resuscitation 60:17–28PubMedCrossRef

55.

Woollard M, Whitfield R, Newcombe RG, Colquhoun M, Vetter N, Chamberlain D (2006) Optimal refresher training intervals for AED and CPR skills: a randomised controlled trial. Resuscitation 71:237–247PubMedCrossRef

56.

Andresen D, Arntz HR, Grafling W et al (2008) Public access resuscitation program including defibrillator training for laypersons: a randomized trial to evaluate the impact of training course duration. Resuscitation 76:419–424PubMedCrossRef

57.

Beckers SK, Fries M, Bickenbach J et al (2007) Retention of skills in medical students following minimal theoretical instructions on semi and fully automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 72:444–450PubMedCrossRef

58.

de Vries W, Handley AJ (2007) A web-based micro-simulation program for self-learning BLS skills and the use of an AED. Can laypeople train themselves without a manikin? Resuscitation 75:491–498PubMedCrossRef

59.

Jerin JM, Ansell BA, Larsen MP, Cummins RO (1998) Automated external defibrillators: skill maintenance using computer-assisted learning. Acad Emerg Med 5:709–717PubMedCrossRef

60.

Bobrow BJ, Vadeboncoeur TF, Spaite DW et al (2011) The effectiveness of ultrabrief and brief educational videos for training lay responders in hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation: implications for the future of citizen cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 4:220–226PubMedCrossRef

61.

Sutton RM, Niles D, Meaney PA et al (2011) „Booster“ training: evaluation of instructor-led bedside cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill training and automated corrective feedback to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation compliance of Pediatric Basic Life Support providers during simulated cardiac arrest. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12:e116–e121CrossRef

62.

Sutton RM, Niles D, Meaney PA et al (2011) Low-dose, high-frequency CPR training improves skill retention of in-hospital pediatric providers. Pediatrics 128:e145–e151CrossRef

63.

Harvey PR, Higenbottam CV, Owen A, Hulme J, Bion JF (2012) Peer-led training and assessment in basic life support for healthcare students: synthesis of literature review and fifteen years practical experience. Resuscitation 83:894–899PubMedCrossRef

64.

Spooner BB, Fallaha JF, Kocierz L, Smith CM, Smith SC, Perkins GD (2007) An evaluation of objective feedback in basic life support (BLS) training. Resuscitation 73:417–424PubMedCrossRef

65.

Kitamura T, Iwami T, Kawamura T et al (2010) Conventional and chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet 375:1347–1354PubMedCrossRef

66.

Castle N, Garton H, Kenward G (2007) Confidence vs competence: basic life support skills of health professionals. Br J Nurs 16:664–666PubMedCrossRef

67.

Wik L, Myklebust H, Auestad BH, Steen PA (2005) Twelve-month retention of CPR skills with automatic correcting verbal feedback. Resuscitation 66:27–30PubMedCrossRef

68.

Christenson J, Nafziger S, Compton S et al (2007) The effect of time on CPR and automated external defibrillator skills in the Public Access Defibrillation Trial. Resuscitation 74:52–62PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

69.

Niles D, Sutton RM, Donoghue A et al (2009) „Rolling Refreshers“: a novel approach to maintain CPR psychomotor skill competence. Resuscitation 80:909–912PubMedCrossRef

70.

Beckers SK, Skorning MH, Fries M et al (2007) CPREzy improves performance of external chest compressions in simulated cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 72:100–107PubMedCrossRef

71.

Nishisaki A, Nysaether J, Sutton R et al (2009) Effect of mattress deflection on CPR quality assessment for older children and adolescents. Resuscitation 80:540–545PubMedCrossRef

72.

Perkins GD, Kocierz L, Smith SC, McCulloch RA, Davies RP (2009) Compression feedback devices over estimate chest compression depth when performed on a bed. Resuscitation 80:79–82PubMedCrossRef

73.

Kirkbright S, Finn J, Tohira H, Bremner A, Jacobs I, Celenza A (2014) Audiovisual feedback device use by health care professionals during CPR: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised and non-randomised trials. Resuscitation 85:460–471PubMedCrossRef

74.

Yeung J, Davies R, Gao F, Perkins GD (2014) A randomised control trial of prompt and feedback devices and their impact on quality of chest compressions–a simulation study. Resuscitation 85:553–559PubMedCrossRef

75.

Zapletal B, Greif R, Stumpf D et al (2014) Comparing three CPR feedback devices and standard BLS in a single rescuer scenario: a randomised simulation study. Resuscitation 85:560–566PubMedCrossRef

76.

Cheng A, Brown LL, Duff JP et al (2015) Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a CPR feedback device and refresher simulations (CPR CARES Study): a randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatr 169:137–144PubMedCrossRef

77.

Clark LJ, Watson J, Cobbe SM, Reeve W, Swann IJ, Macfarlane PW (2000) CPR ’98: a practical multimedia computer-based guide to cardiopulmonary resuscitation for medical students. Resuscitation 44:109–117PubMedCrossRef

78.

Hudson JN (2004) Computer-aided learning in the real world of medical education: does the quality of interaction with the computer affect student learning? Medical Educ 38:887–895CrossRef

79.

Jang KS, Hwang SY, Park SJ, Kim YM, Kim MJ (2005) Effects of a Web-based teaching method on undergraduate nursing studentsʼ learning of electrocardiography. J Nurs Educ 44:35–39PubMed

80.

Leong SL, Baldwin CD, Adelman AM (2003) Integrating Web-based computer cases into a required clerkship: development and evaluation. Acad Med 78:295–301PubMedCrossRef

81.

Rosser JC, Herman B, Risucci DA, Murayama M, Rosser LE, Merrell RC (2000) Effectiveness of a CD-ROM multimedia tutorial in transferring cognitive knowledge essential for laparoscopic skill training. Am J Surg 179:320–324PubMedCrossRef

82.

Papadimitriou L, Xanthos T, Bassiakou E, Stroumpoulis K, Barouxis D, Iacovidou N (2010) Distribution of pre-course BLS/AED manuals does not influence skill acquisition and retention in lay rescuers: a randomised study. Resuscitation 81:348–352PubMedCrossRef

83.

Perkins GD, Fullerton JN, Davis-Gomez N et al (2010) The effect of pre-course e-learning prior to advanced life support training: a randomised controlled trial. Resuscitation 81:877–881PubMedCrossRef

84.

Perkins GD, Kimani PK, Bullock I et al (2012) Improving the efficiency of advanced life support training: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 157:19–28PubMedCrossRef

85.

Thorne CJ, Lockey AS, Bullock I et al (2015) E-learning in advanced life support–an evaluation by the Resuscitation Council (UK). Resuscitation 90:79–84PubMedCrossRef

86.

Orde S, Celenza A, Pinder M (2010) A randomised trial comparing a 4-stage to 2-stage teaching technique for laryngeal mask insertion. Resuscitation 81:1687–1691PubMedCrossRef

87.

Greif R, Egger L, Basciani RM, Lockey A, Vogt A (2010) Emergency skill training–a randomized controlled study on the effectiveness of the 4-stage approach compared to traditional clinical teaching. Resuscitation 81:1692–1697PubMedCrossRef

88.

Mundell WC, Kennedy CC, Szostek JH, Cook DA (2013) Simulation technology for resuscitation training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 84:1174–1183PubMedCrossRef

89.

Cheng A, Lang TR, Starr SR, Pusic M, Cook DA (2014) Technology-enhanced simulation and pediatric education: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 133:e1313–e1323CrossRef

90.

Cheng A, Lockey A, Bhanji F, Lin Y, Hunt EA, Lang E (2015) The use of high-fidelity manikins for advanced life support training-A systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation 93:142–149PubMedCrossRef

91.

Krogh KB, Hoyer CB, Ostergaard D, Eika B (2014) Time matters–realism in resuscitation training. Resuscitation 85:1093–1098PubMedCrossRef

92.

Hunt EA, Cruz-Eng H, Bradshaw JH et al (2015) A novel approach to life support training using „action-linked phrases“ Resuscitation 86:1–5PubMedCrossRef

93.

Hunt EA, Duval-Arnould JM, Nelson-McMillan KL et al (2014) Pediatric resident resuscitation skills improve after „rapid cycle deliberate practice“ training. Resuscitation 85:945–951PubMedCrossRef

94.

Hunziker S, Buhlmann C, Tschan F et al (2010) Brief leadership instructions improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a high-fidelity simulation: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 38:1086–1091PubMedCrossRef

95.

Hunziker S, Tschan F, Semmer NK et al (2009) Hands-on time during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is affected by the process of teambuilding: a prospective randomised simulator-based trial. BMC Emerg Med 9:3PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

96.

Andreatta P, Saxton E, Thompson M, Annich G (2011) Simulation-based mock codes significantly correlate with improved pediatric patient cardiopulmonary arrest survival rates. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12:33–38PubMedCrossRef

97.

Neily J, Mills PD, Young-Xu Y et al (2010) Association between implementation of a medical team training program and surgical mortality. JAMA 304:1693–1700PubMedCrossRef

98.

Boet S, Bould MD, Fung L et al (2014) Transfer of learning and patient outcome in simulated crisis resource management: a systematic review. Can J Anaesth 61:571–582PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

99.

Rall M, Gaba DM, Dieckmann RA (2010) Patient Simulation. In: Miller RD (Hrsg) Anesthesia. Elsevier, New York, S 151–192

100.

Thomas EJ, Taggart B, Crandell S et al (2007) Teaching teamwork during the Neonatal Resuscitation Program: a randomized trial. J Perinatol 27:409–414PubMedCrossRef

101.

Gilfoyle E, Gottesman R, Razack S (2007) Development of a leadership skills workshop in paediatric advanced resuscitation. Med Teach 29:e276–e283PubMedCrossRef

102.

Edelson DP, Litzinger B, Arora V et al (2008) Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing. Arch Inter Med 168:1063–1069CrossRef

103.

Hayes CW, Rhee A, Detsky ME, Leblanc VR, Wax RS (2007) Residents feel unprepared and unsupervised as leaders of cardiac arrest teams in teaching hospitals: a survey of internal medicine residents. Crit Care Med 35:1668–1672PubMedCrossRef

104.

Marsch SC, Muller C, Marquardt K, Conrad G, Tschan F, Hunziker PR (2004) Human factors affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in simulated cardiac arrests. Resuscitation 60:51–56PubMedCrossRef

105.

Salas E, DiazGranados D, Weaver SJ, King H (2008) Does team training work? Principles for health care. Acad Emerg Med 15:1002–1009PubMedCrossRef

106.

Eppich W, Howard V, Vozenilek J, Curran I (2011) Simulation-based team training in healthcare. Simul Healthc 6(Suppl):S14–S19PubMedCrossRef

107.

Thomas EJ, Williams AL, Reichman EF, Lasky RE, Crandell S, Taggart WR (2010) Team training in the neonatal resuscitation program for interns: teamwork and quality of resuscitations. Pediatrics 125:539–546PubMedCrossRef

108.

Garbee DD, Paige J, Barrier K et al (2013) Interprofessional teamwork among students in simulated codes: a quasi-experimental study. Nurs Educ perspect 34:339–344PubMedCrossRef

109.

Chung SP, Cho J, Park YS et al (2011) Effects of script-based role play in cardiopulmonary resuscitation team training. Emerg Med J 28:690–694PubMedCrossRef

110.

Yeung JH, Ong GJ, Davies RP, Gao F, Perkins GD (2012) Factors affecting team leadership skills and their relationship with quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 40:2617–2621PubMedCrossRef

111.

Blackwood J, Duff JP, Nettel-Aguirre A, Djogovic D, Joynt C (2014) Does teaching crisis resource management skills improve resuscitation performance in pediatric residents?*. Pediatr Crit Care Med 15:e168–e174PubMedCrossRef

112.

Weidman EK, Bell G, Walsh D, Small S, Edelson DP (2010) Assessing the impact of immersive simulation on clinical performance during actual in-hospital cardiac arrest with CPR-sensing technology: a randomized feasibility study. Resuscitation 81:1556–1561PubMedCrossRef

113.

Cooper S, Cant R, Porter J et al (2010) Rating medical emergency teamwork performance: development of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM). Resuscitation 81:446–452PubMedCrossRef

114.

Kim J, Neilipovitz D, Cardinal P, Chiu M (2009) A comparison of global rating scale and checklist scores in the validation of an evaluation tool to assess performance in the resuscitation of critically ill patients during simulated emergencies (abbreviated as „CRM simulator study IB“). Simul Healthc 4:6–16PubMedCrossRef

115.

Malec JF, Torsher LC, Dunn WF et al (2007) The mayo high performance teamwork scale: reliability and validity for evaluating key crew resource management skills. Simul Healthc 2:4–10PubMedCrossRef

116.

Rosen MA, Salas E, Silvestri S, Wu TS, Lazzara EH (2008) A measurement tool for simulation-based training in emergency medicine: the simulation module for assessment of resident targeted event responses (SMARTER) approach. Simul Healthc 3:170–179PubMedCrossRef

117.

Fischer H, Strunk G, Neuhold S et al (2012) The effectiveness of ERC advanced life support (ALS) provider courses for the retention of ALS knowledge. Resuscitation 83:227–231PubMedCrossRef

118.

Jensen ML, Lippert F, Hesselfeldt R et al (2009) The significance of clinical experience on learning outcome from resuscitation training-a randomised controlled study. Resuscitation 80:238–243PubMedCrossRef

119.

Fischer H, Bachmann K, Strunk G et al (2014) Translation of ERC resuscitation guidelines into clinical practice by emergency physicians. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 22:9PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

120.

Rodgers DL, Bhanji F, McKee BR (2010) Written evaluation is not a predictor for skills performance in an Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support course. Resuscitation 81:453–456PubMedCrossRef

121.

Napier F, Davies RP, Baldock C et al (2009) Validation for a scoring system of the ALS cardiac arrest simulation test (CASTest). Resuscitation 80:1034–1038PubMedCrossRef

122.

Kromann CB, Jensen ML, Ringsted C (2009) The effect of testing on skills learning. Med Educ 43:21–27PubMedCrossRef

123.

Kromann CB, Bohnstedt C, Jensen ML, Ringsted C (2010) The testing effect on skills learning might last 6 months. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 15:395–401PubMedCrossRef

124.

Kurosawa H, Ikeyama T, Achuff P et al (2014) A randomized, controlled trial of in situ pediatric advanced life support recertification („pediatric advanced life support reconstructed“) compared with standard pediatric advanced life support recertification for ICU frontline providers*. Crit Care Med 42:610–618PubMedCrossRef

125.

Patocka C, Khan F, Dubrovsky AS, Brody D, Bank I, Bhanji F (2015) Pediatric resuscitation training-instruction all at once or spaced over time? Resuscitation 88:6–11PubMedCrossRef

126.

Stross JK (1983) Maintaining competency in advanced cardiac life support skills. JAMA 249:3339–3341PubMedCrossRef

127.

Jensen ML, Mondrup F, Lippert F, Ringsted C (2009) Using e-learning for maintenance of ALS competence. Resuscitation 80:903–908PubMedCrossRef

128.

Kaczorowski J, Levitt C, Hammond M et al (1998) Retention of neonatal resuscitation skills and knowledge: a randomized controlled trial. Fam Med 30:705–711PubMed

129.

Bender J, Kennally K, Shields R, Overly F (2014) Does simulation booster impact retention of resuscitation procedural skills and teamwork? J Perinatol 34:664–668PubMedCrossRef

130.

Nelson KL, Shilkofski NA, Haggerty JA, Saliski M, Hunt EA (2008) The use of cognitive AIDS during simulated pediatric cardiopulmonary arrests. Simul Healthc 3:138–145PubMedCrossRef

131.

Mills PD, DeRosier JM, Neily J, McKnight SD, Weeks WB, Bagian JP (2004) A cognitive aid for cardiac arrest: you canʼt use it if you donʼt know about it. Jt Comm J Qual Saf 30:488–496PubMed

132.

Kelleher DC, Carter EA, Waterhouse LJ, Parsons SE, Fritzeen JL, Burd RS (2014) Effect of a checklist on advanced trauma life support task performance during pediatric trauma resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 21:1129–1134PubMedCrossRef

133.

Mpotos N, Lemoyne S, Calle PA, Deschepper E, Valcke M, Monsieurs KG (2011) Combining video instruction followed by voice feedback in a self-learning station for acquisition of Basic Life Support skills: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Resuscitation 82:896–901PubMedCrossRef

134.

Mpotos N, Yde L, Calle P et al (2013) Retraining basic life support skills using video, voice feedback or both: a randomised controlled trial. Resuscitation 84:72–77PubMedCrossRef

135.

Skorning M, Derwall M, Brokmann JC et al (2011) External chest compressions using a mechanical feedback device: cross-over simulation study. Anaesthesist 60:717–722PubMedCrossRef

136.

Handley AJ, Handley SA (2003) Improving CPR performance using an audible feedback system suitable for incorporation into an automated external defibrillator. Resuscitation 57:57–62PubMedCrossRef

137.

Woollard M, Poposki J, McWhinnie B, Rawlins L, Munro G, OʼMeara P (2012) Achy breaky makey wakey heart? A randomised crossover trial of musical prompts. Emerg Med J 29:290–294PubMedCrossRef

138.

Oh JH, Lee SJ, Kim SE, Lee KJ, Choe JW, Kim CW (2008) Effects of audio tone guidance on performance of CPR in simulated cardiac arrest with an advanced airway. Resuscitation 79:273–277PubMedCrossRef

139.

Rawlins L, Woollard M, Williams J, Hallam P (2009) Effect of listening to Nellie the Elephant during CPR training on performance of chest compressions by lay people: randomised crossover trial. Bmj 339:b4707PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

140.

Couper K, Smyth M, Perkins GD (2015) Mechanical devices for chest compression: to use or not to use? Curr Opin Crit Care 21:188–194PubMed

141.

Allan CK, Thiagarajan RR, Beke D et al (2010) Simulation-based training delivered directly to the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit engenders preparedness, comfort, and decreased anxiety among multidisciplinary resuscitation teams. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 140:646–652PubMedCrossRef

142.

Lighthall GK, Poon T, Harrison TK (2010) Using in situ simulation to improve in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 36:209–216PubMed

143.

Mikrogianakis A, Osmond MH, Nuth JE, Shephard A, Gaboury I, Jabbour M (2008) Evaluation of a multidisciplinary pediatric mock trauma code educational initiative: a pilot study. J Trauma 64:761–767PubMedCrossRef

144.

Farah R, Stiner E, Zohar Z, Zveibil F, Eisenman A (2007) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation surprise drills for assessing, improving and maintaining cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of hospital personnel. Eur J Emerg Med 14:332–336PubMedCrossRef

145.

Villamaria FJ, Pliego JF, Wehbe-Janek H et al (2008) Using simulation to orient code blue teams to a new hospital facility. Simul Healthc 3:209–216PubMedCrossRef

146.

Hunt EA, Hohenhaus SM, Luo X, Frush KS (2006) Simulation of pediatric trauma stabilization in 35 North Carolina emergency departments: identification of targets for performance improvement. Pediatrics 117:641–648PubMedCrossRef

147.

Hunt EA, Walker AR, Shaffner DH, Miller MR, Pronovost PJ (2008) Simulation of in-hospital pediatric medical emergencies and cardiopulmonary arrests: highlighting the importance of the first 5 min. Pediatrics 121:e34–e43CrossRef

148.

Raemer D, Anderson M, Cheng A, Fanning R, Nadkarni V, Savoldelli G (2011) Research regarding debriefing as part of the learning process. Simul Healthc 6(Suppl):S52–S57PubMedCrossRef

149.

Byrne AJ, Sellen AJ, Jones JG et al (2002) Effect of videotape feedback on anaesthetistsʼ performance while managing simulated anaesthetic crises: a multicentre study. Anaesthesia 57:176–179PubMedCrossRef

150.

Savoldelli GL, Naik VN, Park J, Joo HS, Chow R, Hamstra SJ (2006) Value of debriefing during simulated crisis management: oral versus video-assisted oral feedback. Anesthesiology 105:279–285PubMedCrossRef

151.

Olasveengen TM, Vik E, Kuzovlev A, Sunde K (2009) Effect of implementation of new resuscitation guidelines on quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival. Resuscitation 80:407–411PubMedCrossRef

152.

Aufderheide TP, Yannopoulos D, Lick CJ et al (2010) Implementing the 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines improves outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart Rhythm 7:1357–1362PubMedCrossRef

153.

Rea TD, Helbock M, Perry S et al (2006) Increasing use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation arrest: survival implications of guideline changes. Circulation 114:2760–2765PubMedCrossRef

154.

Garza AG, Gratton MC, Salomone JA, Lindholm D, McElroy J, Archer R (2009) Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 119:2597–2605PubMedCrossRef

155.

Deasy C, Bray JE, Smith K et al (2011) Cardiac arrest outcomes before and after the 2005 resuscitation guidelines implementation: evidence of improvement? Resuscitation 82:984–988PubMedCrossRef

156.

Bigham BL, Koprowicz K, Rea T et al (2011) Cardiac arrest survival did not increase in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium after implementation of the 2005 AHA CPR and ECC guidelines. Resuscitation 82:979–983PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

157.

Lund-Kordahl I, Olasveengen TM, Lorem T, Samdal M, Wik L, Sunde K (2010) Improving outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by strengthening weak links of the local Chain of Survival; quality of advanced life support and post-resuscitation care. Resuscitation 81:422–426PubMedCrossRef

158.

Engdahl J, Abrahamsson P, Bang A, Lindqvist J, Karlsson T, Herlitz J (2000) Is hospital care of major importance for outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest? Experience acquired from patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated by the same Emergency Medical Service and admitted to one of two hospitals over a 16-year period in the municipality of Goteborg. Resuscitation 43:201–211PubMedCrossRef

159.

Callaway CW, Schmicker R, Kampmeyer M et al (2010) Receiving hospital characteristics associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 81:524–529PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

160.

Carr BG, Goyal M, Band RA et al (2009) A national analysis of the relationship between hospital factors and post-cardiac arrest mortality. Intensive Care Med 35:505–511PubMedCrossRef

161.

Carr BG, Kahn JM, Merchant RM, Kramer AA, Neumar RW (2009) Inter-hospital variability in post-cardiac arrest mortality. Resuscitation 80:30–34PubMedCrossRef

162.

Davis DP, Fisher R, Aguilar S et al (2007) The feasibility of a regional cardiac arrest receiving system. Resuscitation 74:44–51PubMedCrossRef

163.

Fothergill RT, Watson LR, Virdi GK, Moore FP, Whitbread M (2014) Survival of resuscitated cardiac arrest patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) conveyed directly to a Heart Attack Centre by ambulance clinicians. Resuscitation 85:96–98PubMedCrossRef

164.

Stub D, Smith K, Bray JE, Bernard S, Duffy SJ, Kaye DM (2011) Hospital characteristics are associated with patient outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart 97:1489–1494PubMedCrossRef

165.

Bosson N, Kaji AH, Niemann JT et al (2014) Survival and neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results one year after regionalization of post-cardiac arrest care in a large metropolitan area. Prehosp Emerg Care 18:217–223PubMedCrossRef

166.

Callaway CW, Schmicker RH, Brown SP et al (2014) Early coronary angiography and induced hypothermia are associated with survival and functional recovery after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 85:657–663PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

167.

Cudnik MT, Sasson C, Rea TD et al (2012) Increasing hospital volume is not associated with improved survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac etiology. Resuscitation 83:862–868PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

168.

Heffner AC, Pearson DA, Nussbaum ML, Jones AE (2012) Regionalization of post-cardiac arrest care: implementation of a cardiac resuscitation center. Am Heart J 164:493–501e2PubMedCrossRef

169.

Lee SJ, Jeung KW, Lee BK et al (2015) Impact of case volume on outcome and performance of targeted temperature management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Am J Emerg Med 33:31–36PubMedCrossRef

170.

Kang MJ, Lee TR, Shin TG et al (2014) Survival and neurologic outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who were transferred after return of spontaneous circulation for integrated post-cardiac arrest syndrome care: the another feasibility of the cardiac arrest center. J Korean Med Sci 29:1301–1307PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

171.

Spiro JR, White S, Quinn N et al (2015) Automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation using a load-distributing band external cardiac support device for in-hospital cardiac arrest: a single centre experience of AutoPulse-CPR. Int J Cardiol 180:7–14PubMedCrossRef

172.

Wagner H, Rundgren M, Hardig BM et al (2013) A structured approach for treatment of prolonged cardiac arrest cases in the coronary catheterization laboratory using mechanical chest compressions. Int J Cardiovasc Res 2:4

173.

Chan TK (2012) New era of CPR: application of i-technology in resuscitation. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 19(5):305–311

174.

Zijlstra JA, Stieglis R, Riedijk F, Smeekes M, van der Worp WE, Koster RW (2014) Local lay rescuers with AEDs, alerted by text messages, contribute to early defibrillation in a Dutch out-of-hospital cardiac arrest dispatch system. Resuscitation 85:1444–1449PubMedCrossRef

175.

Ringh M, Fredman D, Nordberg P, Stark T, Hollenberg J (2011) Mobile phone technology identifies and recruits trained citizens to perform CPR on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims prior to ambulance arrival. Resuscitation 82:1514–1518PubMedCrossRef

176.

Jiang C, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Chen S, Yang X (2010) Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department by real-time video recording and regular feedback learning. Resuscitation 81:1664–1669PubMedCrossRef

177.

Stiell IG, Wells GA, Field BJ et al (1999) Improved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival through the inexpensive optimization of an existing defibrillation program: OPALS study phase II. Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support. JAMA 281:1175–1181PubMedCrossRef

178.

Olasveengen TM, Tomlinson AE, Wik L et al (2007) A failed attempt to improve quality of out-of-hospital CPR through performance evaluation. Prehosp Emerg Care 11:427–433

179.

Clarke S, Lyon R, Milligan D, Clegg G (2011) Resuscitation feedback and targeted education improves quality of pre-hospital resuscitation in Scotland. Emerg Med J 28(Suppl 1):A6CrossRef

180.

Fletcher D, Galloway R, Chamberlain D, Pateman J, Bryant G, Newcombe RG (2008) Basics in advanced life support: a role for download audit and metronomes. Resuscitation 78:127–134PubMedCrossRef

181.

Rittenberger JC, Guyette FX, Tisherman SA, DeVita MA, Alvarez RJ, Callaway CW (2008) Outcomes of a hospital-wide plan to improve care of comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 79:198–204PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

182.

Wolfe H, Zebuhr C, Topjian AA et al (2014) Interdisciplinary ICU cardiac arrest debriefing improves survival outcomes*. Crit Care Med 42:1688–1695PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

183.

Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M et al (2005) Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:2091–2097PubMedCrossRef

184.

Buist MD, Moore GE, Bernard SA, Waxman BP, Anderson JN, Nguyen TV (2002) Effects of a medical emergency team on reduction of incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests in hospital: preliminary study. BMJ 324:387–390PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

185.

Beitler JR, Link N, Bails DB, Hurdle K, Chong DH (2011) Reduction in hospital-wide mortality after implementation of a rapid response team: a long-term cohort study. Crit Care 15:R269PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

186.

Chan PS, Khalid A, Longmore LS, Berg RA, Kosiborod M, Spertus JA (2008) Hospital-wide code rates and mortality before and after implementation of a rapid response team. JAMA 300:2506–2513PubMedCrossRef

187.

Konrad D, Jaderling G, Bell M, Granath F, Ekbom A, Martling CR (2010) Reducing in-hospital cardiac arrests and hospital mortality by introducing a medical emergency team. Intensive Care Med 36:100–106PubMedCrossRef

188.

Lighthall GK, Parast LM, Rapoport L, Wagner TH (2010) Introduction of a rapid response system at a United States veterans affairs hospital reduced cardiac arrests. Anesth Analg 111:679–686PubMedCrossRef

189.

Santamaria J, Tobin A, Holmes J (2010) Changing cardiac arrest and hospital mortality rates through a medical emergency team takes time and constant review. Crit Care Med 38:445–450PubMedCrossRef

190.

Priestley G, Watson W, Rashidian A et al (2004) Introducing Critical Care Outreach: a ward-randomised trial of phased introduction in a general hospital. Intensive Care Med 30:1398–1404PubMedCrossRef

191.

Delasobera BE, Goodwin TL, Strehlow M et al (2010) Evaluating the efficacy of simulators and multimedia for refreshing ACLS skills in India. Resuscitation 81:217–223PubMedCrossRef

192.

Meaney PA, Sutton RM, Tsima B et al (2012) Training hospital providers in basic CPR skills in Botswana: acquisition, retention and impact of novel training techniques. Resuscitation 83:1484–1490PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

193.

Jain A, Agarwal R, Chawla D, Paul V, Deorari A (2010) Tele-education vs classroom training of neonatal resuscitation: a randomized trial. J Perinatol 30:773–779PubMedCrossRef

194.

Jenko M, Frangez M, Manohin A (2012) Four-stage teaching technique and chest compression performance of medical students compared to conventional technique. Croat Med J 53:486–495PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

195.

Li Q, Ma EL, Liu J, Fang LQ, Xia T (2011) Pre-training evaluation and feedback improve medical students’ skills in basic life support. Med Teach 33:e549–e555PubMedCrossRef

196.

Nilsson C, Sorensen BL, Sorensen JL (2014) Comparing hands-on and video training for postpartum hemorrhage management. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93:517–520PubMedCrossRef

197.

Shavit I, Peled S, Steiner IP et al (2010) Comparison of outcomes of two skills-teaching methods on lay-rescuers’ acquisition of infant basic life support skills. Acad Emerg Med 17:979–986PubMedCrossRef

198.

Bossaert L, Perkins GD, Askitopoulou H et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Section 11 The Ethics of Resuscitation and End-of-Life Decisions. Resuscitation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.033

199.

Zideman DA, De Buck EDJ, Singletary EM et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Section 9 First Aid. Resuscitation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.031

200.

Soar J, Nolan JP, Bottiger BW et al (2015) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015 Section 3 Adult Advanced Life Support. Resuscitation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.016

201.

ILCOR Scientific Evidence Evaluation and Review System. https://volunteer.heart.org/apps/pico/Pages/default.aspx, https://volunteer.heart.org/apps/pico/Pages/default.aspx. Zugegriffen:10. Mai 2015

202.

Sandroni C, Fenici P, Cavallaro F, Bocci MG, Scapigliati A, Antonelli M (2005) Haemodynamic effects of mental stress during cardiac arrest simulation testing on advanced life support courses. Resuscitation 66:39–44PubMedCrossRef

203.

Perkins GD, Barrett H, Bullock I et al (2005) The Acute Care Undergraduate TEaching (ACUTE) Initiative: consensus development of core competencies in acute care for undergraduates in the United Kingdom. Intensive Care Med 31:1627–1633PubMedCrossRef

204.

DeVita MA, Smith GB, Adam SK et al (2010) „Identifying the hospitalised patient in crisis“ – a consensus conference on the afferent limb of rapid response systems. Resuscitation 81:375–382PubMedCrossRef

205.

Smith GB, Osgood VM, Crane S (2002) ALERT–a multiprofessional training course in the care of the acutely ill adult patient. Resuscitation 52:281–286PubMedCrossRef

206.

Ringsted C, Lippert F, Hesselfeldt R et al (2007) Assessment of Advanced Life Support competence when combining different test methods–reliability and validity. Resuscitation 75:153–160PubMedCrossRef

207.

Perkins GD, Davies RP, Stallard N, Bullock I, Stevens H, Lockey A (2007) Advanced life support cardiac arrest scenario test evaluation. Resuscitation 75:484–490PubMedCrossRef

208.

Soar J, Perkins GD, Harris S et al (2003) The immediate life support course. Resuscitation 57:21–26PubMedCrossRef

209.

Soar J, McKay U (1998) A revised role for the hospital cardiac arrest team? Resuscitation 38:145–149PubMedCrossRef

210.

Spearpoint KG, Gruber PC, Brett SJ (2009) Impact of the Immediate Life Support course on the incidence and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest calls: an observational study over 6 years. Resuscitation 80:638–643PubMedCrossRef

211.

Nolan J (2001) Advanced life support training. Resuscitation 50:9–11PubMedCrossRef

212.

Perkins G, Lockey A (2002) The advanced life support provider course. BMJ 325:S81CrossRef

213.

Tinsey V (2003) A personal reflection and account on the newborn life support course. MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 13:235–237

214.

Singh J, Santosh S, Wyllie JP, Mellon A (2006) Effects of a course in neonatal resuscitation–evaluation of an educational intervention on the standard of neonatal resuscitation. Resuscitation 68:385–389PubMedCrossRef

215.

Carapiet D, Fraser J, Wade A, Buss PW, Bingham R (2001) Changes in paediatric resuscitation knowledge among doctors. Arch Dis Child 84:412–414PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

216.

Schebesta K, Rossler B, Kimberger O, Hupfl M (2012) Impact of the European Paediatric Life Support course on knowledge of resuscitation guidelines among Austrian emergency care providers. Minerva anestesiol 78:434–441PubMed

217.

Cheron G, Jais JP, Cojocaru B, Parez N, Biarent D (2011) The European Paediatric Life Support course improves assessment and care of dehydrated children in the emergency department. Eur J Pediatr 170:1151–1157PubMedCrossRef

218.

Charalampopoulos D, Karlis G, Barouxis D et al (2014) Theoretical knowledge and skill retention 4 months after a European Paediatric Life Support course. Eur J Emerg Med (Epub ahead of print)

219.

Kirkpatrick D, Kirkpatrick J (2007) Implementing the four levels: a practical guide for the evaluation of training programs. Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, S 153. ISBN: 978-1-57675-454-2

220.

Ringsted C, Hodges B, Scherpbier A (2011) ‚The research compass‘: an introduction to research in medical education: AMEE Guide no. 56. Med Teach 33:695–709PubMedCrossRef

Springerpflege

Ausbildung und Implementierung der Reanimation

Kapitel 10 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2015 des European Resuscitation Council

Auszug

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2015

Das initiale Management des akuten Koronarsyndroms

A tragedy we want to change

Leitlinien  zur Reanimation 2015 des European Resuscitation Council

Die Versorgung und Reanimation des Neugeborenen

Lebensrettende Maßnahmen bei Kindern („paediatric life support“)

Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende