Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
Zeitschriften Fortbildung Hebammen Bücher Kongresse & Live-Webinare
Social Media - Folgen Sie uns!
Instagram Facebook LinkedIn Instagram Hebammen
Service
Jobbörse Kundenservice Info & Hilfe
Fokus-Themen
Chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung COVID-19-Update Diabetes Hautpflege Klima & Gesundheit Hygiene Intensivpflege Kardiologische Pflege Mobilisation Nachhaltigkeit Nierenerkrankungen Obstipation Onkologische Pflege Palliativpflege Schmerz Sucht in der Pflege Vielfalt, Gleichberechtigung und Inklusion Wundversorgung
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin
Erschienen in:

01.12.2015 | ERC Leitlinien

Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende

verfasst von: L.L. Bossaert, G.D. Perkins, H. Askitopoulou, V.I. Raffay, R. Greif, K.L. Haywood, S.D. Mentzelopoulos, J.P. Nolan, P. Van de Voorde, T.T. Xanthos

Erschienen in: Notfall + Rettungsmedizin | Ausgabe 8/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Der traditionelle medizinorientierte Ansatz mit seiner Betonung auf „Tue Gutes“ („beneficence“) hat sich verschoben in Richtung eines ausgewogenen patientenzentrierten Ansatzes mit größerem Gewicht auf der Autonomie des Patienten. Dies hat zu vermehrter Verständnisbereitschaft und Interaktion zwischen Patient und professionellem Helfer geführt. Zukünftige Leitlinien können aus der Beteiligung aller Interessengruppen Nutzen ziehen: Vertreter der Öffentlichkeit, Patienten, Überlebende und die Gesellschaft als aktive Partner beim Verständnis und der Umsetzung der ethischen Prinzipien. …
Vorheriger Artikel Ausbildung und Implementierung der Reanimation
Literatur
1.
Berdowski J, Berg RA, Tijssen JG, Koster RW (2010) Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation 81:1479–1487PubMedCrossRef
2.
McNally B, Robb R, Mehta M et al (2011) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest surveillance – Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), United States, October 1, 2005–December 31, 2010. MMWR Surveill Summ 60:1–19PubMed
3.
Daya MR, Schmicker RH, Zive DM et al (2015) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival improving over time: results from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC). Resuscitation 91:108–115PubMedCrossRef
4.
Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, Kellermann AL (2010) Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 3:63–81PubMedCrossRef
5.
Kolte D, Khera S, Aronow WS et al (2015) Regional variation in the incidence and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Circulation 131:1415–1425PubMedCrossRef
6.
Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P, Rayner M (2013) Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J 34:3028–3034PubMedCrossRef
7.
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS et al (2015) Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131:e29–e322PubMedCrossRef
8.
Wissenberg M, Lippert FK, Folke F et al (2013) Association of national initiatives to improve cardiac arrest management with rates of bystander intervention and patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 310:1377–1384PubMedCrossRef
9.
Holler NG, Mantoni T, Nielsen SL, Lippert F, Rasmussen LS (2007) Long-term survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 75:23–28PubMedCrossRef
10.
Mentzelopoulos SD, Bossaert L, Raffay V et al (2015) A survey of ethical resuscitation practices in 32 European countries Resuscitation (im Druck)
11.
Beauchamp TL, Childress JF (2009) Principles of biomedical ethics, 6. Aufl. Oxford University Press, New York
12.
English V, Sommerville A (2004) Medical ethics today: the BMA’s handbook of ethics and law, 2. Aufl. BMJ Books, London
13.
14.
15.
O’Neill O (2002) Autonomy and trust in bioethics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
16.
World Medical Association (2009) Medical Ethics Manual, 2. Aufl. World Medical Association, World Health Communication Associates, UK. ISBN: 92-990028-1-9
17.
Rysavy M (2013) Evidence-based medicine: a science of uncertainty and an art of probability. Virtual Mentor 15:4–8PubMedCrossRef
18.
Christine PJ, Kaldjian LC (2013) Communicating evidence in shared decision making. Virtual Mentor 15:9–17PubMedCrossRef
19.
o. A (2010) Biomedicine and human rights – the Oviedo convention and its additional protocols. Council of Europe, Strasbourg. ISBN: 978-92-871-6662-3
20.
Soreide E, Morrison L, Hillman K et al (2013) The formula for survival in resuscitation. Resuscitation 84:1487–1493PubMedCrossRef
21.
Lippert FK, Raffay V, Georgiou M, Steen PA, Bossaert L (2010) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 10. The ethics of resuscitation and end-of-life decisions. Resuscitation 81:1445–1451PubMedCrossRef
22.
Morrison LJ, Kierzek G, Diekema DS et al (2010) Part 3: ethics: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 122:S665–S675PubMedCrossRef
23.
Excellence NNIfHaC (2012) How NICE clinical guidelines are developed: an overview for stakeholders, the public and the NHS. Process and Methods Guides, 5. Aufl. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. http://​publications.​nice.​org.​uk/​pmg6f
24.
25.
Swig L, Cooke M, Osmond D et al (1996) Physician responses to a hospital policy allowing them to not offer cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:1215–1219PubMedCrossRef
26.
27.
Sandroni C, Cariou A, Cavallaro F et al (2014) Prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: an advisory statement from the European Resuscitation Council and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Resuscitation 85:1779–1789PubMedCrossRef
28.
Frader J, Kodish E, Lantos JD (2010) Ethics rounds. Symbolic resuscitation, medical futility, and parental rights. Pediatrics 126:769–772PubMedCrossRef
29.
Lantos JD, Meadow WL (2011) Should the „slow code“ be resuscitated? Am J Bioeth 11:8–12PubMedCrossRef
30.
Chu K, Swor R, Jackson R et al (1998) Race and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a suburban community. Ann Emerg Med 31:478–482PubMedCrossRef
31.
Vaillancourt C, Lui A, De Maio VJ, Wells GA, Stiell IG (2008) Socioeconomic status influences bystander CPR and survival rates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Resuscitation 79:417–423PubMedCrossRef
32.
Folke F, Gislason GH, Lippert FK et al (2010) Differences between out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in residential and public locations and implications for public-access defibrillation. Circulation 122:623–630PubMedCrossRef
33.
Ahn KO, Shin SD, Hwang SS et al (2011) Association between deprivation status at community level and outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a nationwide observational study. Resuscitation 82:270–276PubMedCrossRef
34.
Aufderheide TP, Nolan JP, Jacobs IG et al (2013) Global health and emergency care: a resuscitation research agenda – part 1. Acad Emerg Med 20:1289–1296PubMedCrossRef
35.
36.
Semple HM, Cudnik MT, Sayre M et al (2013) Identification of high-risk communities for unattended out-of-hospital cardiac arrests using GIS. J Community Health 38:277–284PubMedCrossRef
37.
Rahimi AR, Spertus JA, Reid KJ, Bernheim SM, Krumholz HM (2007) Financial barriers to health care and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 297:1063–1072PubMedCrossRef
38.
Root ED, Gonzales L, Persse DE, Hinchey PR, McNally B, Sasson C (2013) A tale of two cities: the role of neighborhood socioeconomic status in spatial clustering of bystander CPR in Austin and Houston. Resuscitation 84:752–759PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
39.
Yusuf S, Rangarajan S, Teo K et al (2014) Cardiovascular risk and events in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. N Engl J Med 371:818–827PubMedCrossRef
40.
Waisel DB, Truog RD (1995) The cardiopulmonary resuscitation-not-indicated order: futility revisited. Ann Intern Med 122:304–308PubMedCrossRef
41.
British Medical Association the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing (2014) Decisions relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A joint statment from the British Medical Association, the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing. British Medical Association, London
42.
Soholm H, Bro-Jeppesen J, Lippert FK et al (2014) Resuscitation of patients suffering from sudden cardiac arrests in nursing homes is not futile. Resuscitation 85:369–375PubMedCrossRef
43.
Bremer A, Sandman L (2011) Futile cardiopulmonary resuscitation for the benefit of others: an ethical analysis. Nurs Ethics 18:495–504PubMedCrossRef
44.
Committee on Bioethics (DH-BIO) of the Council of Europe (2014) Guide on the decision-making process regarding medical treatment in end-of-life situations, Council of Europe
45.
Fritz Z, Cork N, Dodd A, Malyon A (2014) DNACPR decisions: challenging and changing practice in the wake of the Tracey judgment. Clin Med 14:571–576PubMedCrossRef
46.
Etheridge Z, Gatland E (2015) When and how to discuss „do not resuscitate“ decisions with patients. BMJ 350:h2640PubMedCrossRef
47.
Blinderman CD, Krakauer EL, Solomon MZ (2012) Time to revise the approach to determining cardiopulmonary resuscitation status. JAMA 307:917–918PubMed
48.
Xanthos T (2014) ‚Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation‘ or ‚allowing natural death‘? The time for resuscitation community to review its boundaries and its terminology. Resuscitation 85:1644–1645PubMedCrossRef
49.
Salkic A, Zwick A (2012) Acronyms of dying versus patient autonomy. Eur J Health Law 19:289–303PubMedCrossRef
50.
51.
Andorno R, Biller-Andorno N, Brauer S (2009) Advance health care directives: towards a coordinated European policy? Eur J Health Law 16:207–227PubMedCrossRef
52.
53.
(UK) RC (2013) Quality Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice and training. Acute Care. Resuscitation Council (UK), London
54.
Perkins GD, Jacobs IG, Nadkarni VM et al (2014) Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcome reports: update of the Utstein resuscitation registry templates for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands
55.
Haywood KL, Whitehead L, Perkins GD (2014) The psychosocial outcomes of cardiac arrest: relevant and robust patient-centred assessment is essential. Resuscitation 85:718–719PubMedCrossRef
56.
Whitehead L, Perkins GD, Clarey A, Haywood KL (2015) A systematic review of the outcomes reported in cardiac arrest clinical trials: the need for a core outcome set. Resuscitation 88:150–157PubMedCrossRef
57.
Beesems SG, Wittebrood KM, de Haan RJ, Koster RW (2014) Cognitive function and quality of life after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 85:1269–1274PubMedCrossRef
58.
Moulaert VRMP, Verbunt JA, van Heugten CM, Wade DT (2009) Cognitive impairments in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation 80:297–305PubMedCrossRef
59.
Staniszewska S, Haywood KL, Brett J, Tutton L (2012) Patient and public involvement in patient-reported outcome measures: evolution not revolution. Patient 5:79–87PubMedCrossRef
60.
Lilja G, Nielsen N, Friberg H et al (2015) Cognitive function in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest after target temperature management at 33 degrees C versus 36 degrees C. Circulation 131:1340–1349PubMedCrossRef
61.
Wachelder EM, Moulaert VR, van Heugten C, Verbunt JA, Bekkers SC, Wade DT (2009) Life after survival: long-term daily functioning and quality of life after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 80:517–522PubMedCrossRef
62.
Smith K, Andrew E, Lijovic M, Nehme Z, Bernard S (2015) Quality of life and functional outcomes 12 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 131:174–181PubMedCrossRef
63.
Kragholm K, Wissenberg M, Mortensen RN et al (2015) Return to work in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: a nationwide register-based follow-up study. Circulation 131:1682–1690PubMedCrossRef
64.
Nakamura F, Hayashino Y, Nishiuchi T et al (2013) Contribution of out-of-hospital factors to a reduction in cardiac arrest mortality after witnessed ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. Resuscitation 84:747–751PubMedCrossRef
65.
Meyer L, Stubbs B, Fahrenbruch C et al (2012) Incidence, causes, and survival trends from cardiovascular-related sudden cardiac arrest in children and young adults 0–35 years of age: a 30-year review. Circulation 126:1363–1372PubMedCrossRef
66.
Bardai A, Berdowski J, van der Werf C et al (2011) Incidence, causes, and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in children. A comprehensive, prospective, population-based study in the Netherlands. J Am Coll Cardiol 57:1822–1828PubMedCrossRef
67.
Perkins GD, Cooke MW (2012) Variability in cardiac arrest survival: the NHS Ambulance Service Quality Indicators. Emerg Med J 29:3–5PubMedCrossRef
68.
Fothergill RT, Watson LR, Chamberlain D, Virdi GK, Moore FP, Whitbread M (2013) Increases in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a five year study. Resuscitation 84:1089–1092PubMedCrossRef
69.
Hasegawa K, Hiraide A, Chang Y, Brown DF (2013) Association of prehospital advanced airway management with neurologic outcome and survival in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 309:257–266PubMedCrossRef
70.
Van de Voorde P, Monsieurs KG, Perkins GD, Castren M (2014) Looking over the wall: using a Haddon Matrix to guide public policy making on the problem of sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 85:602–605PubMedCrossRef
71.
Mockford C, Fritz Z, George R et al (2015) Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) orders: a systematic review of the barriers and facilitators of decision-making and implementation. Resuscitation 88:99–113PubMedCrossRef
72.
Field RA, Fritz Z, Baker A, Grove A, Perkins GD (2014) Systematic review of interventions to improve appropriate use and outcomes associated with do-not-attempt-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation decisions. Resuscitation 85:1418–1431PubMedCrossRef
73.
Freeman K, Field RA, Perkins GD (2015) Variation in local trust Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) policies: a review of 48 English healthcare trusts. BMJ Open 5:e006517PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
74.
Clements M, Fuld J, Fritz Z (2014) Documentation of resuscitation decision-making: a survey of practice in the United Kingdom. Resuscitation 85:606–611PubMedCrossRef
75.
Ebell MH, Afonso AM, Geocadin RG, American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation I (2013) Prediction of survival to discharge following cardiopulmonary resuscitation using classification and regression trees. Crit Care Med 41:2688–2897PubMedCrossRef
76.
Lannon R, O’Keeffe ST (2010) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in older people – a review. Rev Clin Gerontol 20:20–29CrossRef
77.
Goldberger ZD, Chan PS, Berg RA et al (2012) Duration of resuscitation efforts and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study. Lancet 380:1473–1481PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
78.
Becker TK, Gausche-Hill M, Aswegan AL et al (2013) Ethical challenges in Emergency Medical Services: controversies and recommendations. Prehosp Disaster Med 28:488–497PubMedCrossRef
79.
Nordby H, Nohr O (2012) The ethics of resuscitation: how do paramedics experience ethical dilemmas when faced with cancer patients with cardiac arrest? Prehosp Disaster Med 27:64–70PubMedCrossRef
80.
Ranola PA, Merchant RM, Perman SM et al (2015) How long is long enough, and have we done everything we should?-Ethics of calling codes. J Med Ethics 41(8):663–666PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
81.
Mercurio MR, Murray PD, Gross I (2014) Unilateral pediatric „do not attempt resuscitation“ orders: the pros, the cons, and a proposed approach. Pediatrics 133(Suppl 1):S37–S43PubMedCrossRef
82.
Levinson M, Mills A (2014) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation – time for a change in the paradigm? Med J Aust 201:152–154PubMedCrossRef
83.
Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, Zhan C, Kiss A, Allan KS (2009) Validation of a universal prehospital termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for advanced and basic life support providers. Resuscitation 80:324–328PubMedCrossRef
84.
Skrifvars MB, Vayrynen T, Kuisma M et al (2010) Comparison of Helsinki and European Resuscitation Council „do not attempt to resuscitate“ guidelines, and a termination of resuscitation clinical prediction rule for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients found in asystole or pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 81:679–684PubMedCrossRef
85.
Diskin FJ, Camp-Rogers T, Peberdy MA, Ornato JP, Kurz MC (2014) External validation of termination of resuscitation guidelines in the setting of intra-arrest cold saline, mechanical CPR, and comprehensive post resuscitation care. Resuscitation 85:910–914PubMedCrossRef
86.
Morrison LJ, Eby D, Veigas PV et al (2014) Implementation trial of the basic life support termination of resuscitation rule: reducing the transport of futile out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation 85:486–491PubMedCrossRef
87.
Drennan IR, Lin S, Sidalak DE, Morrison LJ (2014) Survival rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients transported without prehospital return of spontaneous circulation: an observational cohort study. Resuscitation 85:1488–1493PubMedCrossRef
88.
Kellermann AL, Hackman BB, Somes G (1993) Predicting the outcome of unsuccessful prehospital advanced cardiac life support. JAMA 270:1433–1436PubMedCrossRef
89.
Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Steen PA (2008) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation before and during transport in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 76:185–190PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zive D, Koprowicz K, Schmidt T et al (2011) Variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation and transport practices in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium: ROC Epistry-Cardiac Arrest. Resuscitation 82:277–284PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
91.
Sasson C, Hegg AJ, Macy M, Park A, Kellermann A, McNally B (2008) Prehospital termination of resuscitation in cases of refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 300:1432–1438PubMedCrossRef
92.
Stub D, Bernard S, Pellegrino V et al (2015) Refractory cardiac arrest treated with mechanical CPR, hypothermia, ECMO and early reperfusion (the CHEER trial). Resuscitation 86:88–94PubMedCrossRef
93.
American College of Surgeons Committee on T, American College of Emergency Physicians Pediatric Emergency Medicine C, National Association of Ems P, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency M, Fallat ME (2014) Withholding or termination of resuscitation in pediatric out-of-hospital traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest. Pediatrics 133:e1104–e1116PubMedCrossRef
94.
Larcher V, Craig F, Bhogal K et al (2015) Making decisions to limit treatment in life-limiting and life-threatening conditions in children: a framework for practice. Arch Dis Child 100(Suppl 2):s3–s23
95.
Fleming PJ, Blair PS, Pease A (2015) Sudden unexpected death in infancy: aetiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology and prevention in 2015. Arch Dis Child 100(10):984-988
96.
Fraser J, Sidebotham P, Frederick J, Covington T, Mitchell EA (2014) Learning from child death review in the USA, England, Australia, and New Zealand. Lancet 384:894–903PubMedCrossRef
97.
Truog RD, Miller FG (2010) Counterpoint: are donors after circulatory death really dead, and does it matter? No and not really. Chest 138:16–18. (discussion 8–9)PubMedCrossRef
98.
Paris JJ, Angelos P, Schreiber MD (2010) Does compassion for a family justify providing futile CPR? J Perinatol 30:770–772PubMedCrossRef
99.
Sanders A, Schepp M, Baird M (2011) Partial do-not-resuscitate orders: a hazard to patient safety and clinical outcomes? Crit Care Med 39:14–18PubMedCrossRef
100.
101.
Ulrich CM, Grady C (2015) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for Ebola patients: ethical considerations. Nurs Outlook 63:16–18PubMedCrossRef
102.
Torabi-Parizi P, Davey RT Jr, Suffredini AF, Chertow DS (2015) Ethical and practical considerations in providing critical care to patients with ebola virus disease. Chest 147:1460–1466PubMedCrossRef
103.
David AS, Hotopf M, Moran P, Owen G, Szmukler G, Richardson G (2010) Mentally disordered or lacking capacity? Lessons for management of serious deliberate self harm. BMJ 341:c4489PubMedCrossRef
104.
105.
Zavalkoff SR, Shemie SD (2013) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: saving life then saving organs? Crit Care Med 41:2833–2834PubMedCrossRef
106.
Orioles A, Morrison WE, Rossano JW et al (2013) An under-recognized benefit of cardiopulmonary resuscitation: organ transplantation. Crit Care Med 41:2794–2799PubMedCrossRef
107.
Ali AA, Lim E, Thanikachalam M et al (2007) Cardiac arrest in the organ donor does not negatively influence recipient survival after heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 31:929–933PubMedCrossRef
108.
Matsumoto CS, Kaufman SS, Girlanda R et al (2008) Utilization of donors who have suffered cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation in intestinal transplantation. Transplantation 86:941–946PubMedCrossRef
109.
Dhital KK, Iyer A, Connellan M et al (2015) Adult heart transplantation with distant procurement and ex-vivo preservation of donor hearts after circulatory death: a case series. Lancet 385(9987):2585–2591PubMedCrossRef
110.
111.
Baskett PJ, Lim A (2004) The varying ethical attitudes towards resuscitation in Europe. Resuscitation 62:267–273PubMedCrossRef
112.
Mentzelopoulos SD, Mantzanas M, van Belle G, Nichol G (2015) Evolution of European Union legislation on emergency research. Resuscitation 91:84–91PubMedCrossRef
113.
Doyle CJ, Post H, Burney RE, Maino J, Keefe M, Rhee KJ (1987) Family participation during resuscitation: an option. Ann Emerg Med 16:673–675PubMedCrossRef
114.
Boie ET, Moore GP, Brummett C, Nelson DR (1999) Do parents want to be present during invasive procedures performed on their children in the emergency department? A survey of 400 parents. Ann Emerg Med 34:70–74PubMedCrossRef
115.
Eichhorn DJ, Meyers T, Guzzetta CE et al (2001) Family presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation: hearing the voice of the patient. Am J Nurs 101:48–55PubMedCrossRef
116.
Wagner JM (2004) Lived experience of critically ill patients’ family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Am J Crit Care 13(5):416–420PubMed
117.
Jabre P, Tazarourte K, Azoulay E et al (2014) Offering the opportunity for family to be present during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: 1-year assessment. Intensive Care Med 40:981–987PubMedCrossRef
118.
Robinson SM, Mackenzie-Ross S, Campbell Hewson GL, Egleston CV, Prevost AT (1998) Psychological effect of witnessed resuscitation on bereaved relatives. Lancet 352:614–617PubMedCrossRef
119.
Fallowfield LJ, Jenkins VA, Beveridge HA (2002) Truth may hurt but deceit hurts more: communication in palliative care. Palliat Med 16:297–303PubMedCrossRef
120.
LeBrocq P, Charles A, Chan T, Buchanan M (2003) Establishing a bereavement program: caring for bereaved families and staff in the emergency department. Accid Emerg Nurs 11:85–90PubMedCrossRef
121.
Rabow MW, Hauser JM, Adams J (2004) Supporting family caregivers at the end of life: „they don’t know what they don’t know“. JAMA 291:483–491PubMedCrossRef
122.
Olsen JC, Buenefe ML, Falco WD (1998) Death in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 31:758–765PubMedCrossRef
123.
Hurst SA, Becerra M, Perrier A, Perron NJ, Cochet S, Elger B (2013) Including patients in resuscitation decisions in Switzerland: from doing more to doing better. J Med Ethics 39:158–165PubMedCrossRef
124.
Gorton AJ, Jayanthi NV, Lepping P, Scriven MW (2008) Patients’ attitudes towards „do not attempt resuscitation“ status. J Med Ethics 34:624–626PubMedCrossRef
125.
Micallef S, Skrifvars MB, Parr MJ (2011) Level of agreement on resuscitation decisions among hospital specialists and barriers to documenting do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders in ward patients. Resuscitation 82:815–818PubMedCrossRef
126.
Horburger D, Haslinger J, Bickel H et al (2014) Where no guideline has gone before: retrospective analysis of resuscitation in the 24th century. Resuscitation 85:1790–1794PubMedCrossRef
127.
Hinkelbein J, Spelten O, Marks J, Hellmich M, Bottiger BW, Wetsch WA (2014) An assessment of resuscitation quality in the television drama Emergency Room: guideline non-compliance and low-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation lead to a favorable outcome? Resuscitation 85:1106–1110PubMedCrossRef
128.
Diem SJ, Lantos JD, Tulsky JA (1996) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation on television. Miracles and misinformation. N Engl J Med 334:1578–1582PubMedCrossRef
129.
Roberts D, Hirschman D, Scheltema K (2000) Adult and pediatric CPR: attitudes and expectations of health professionals and laypersons. Am J Emerg Med 18:465–468PubMedCrossRef
130.
Jones GK, Brewer KL, Garrison HG (2000) Public expectations of survival following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 7:48–53PubMedCrossRef
131.
Marco CA, Larkin GL (2003) Public education regarding resuscitation: effects of a multimedia intervention. Ann Emerg Med 42:256–260PubMedCrossRef
132.
Pitcher D, Smith G, Nolan J, Soar J (2009) The death of DNR. Training is needed to dispel confusion around DNAR. BMJ 338:b2021PubMedCrossRef
133.
Bülow H-H, Sprung C, Reinhart K et al (2008) The world’s major religions’ points of viewon end-of-life decisions in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 34:423–430PubMedCrossRef
134.
Berger JT, Rosner F, Cassell EJ (2002) Ethics of practicing medical procedures on newly dead and nearly dead patients. J Gen Intern Med 17:774–778PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
135.
Morag RM, DeSouza S, Steen PA et al (2005) Performing procedures on the newly deceased for teaching purposes: what if we were to ask? Arch Intern Med 165:92–96PubMedCrossRef
136.
Fourre MW (2002) The performance of procedures on the recently deceased. Acad Emerg Med 9:595–598PubMedCrossRef
137.
Makowski AL (2015) The ethics of using the recently deceased to instruct residents in cricothyrotomy. Ann Emerg Med. 2014.11.019. [Epub ahead of print]
138.
Hergenroeder GW, Prator BC, Chow AF, Powner DJ (2007) Postmortem intubation training: patient and family opinion. Med Educ 41:1210–1216PubMedCrossRef
139.
Davies H, Shakur H, Padkin A, Roberts I, Slowther AM, Perkins GD (2014) Guide to the design and review of emergency research when it is proposed that consent and consultation be waived. Emerg Med J 31:794–795PubMedCrossRef
140.
Booth MG (2007) Informed consent in emergency research: a contradiction in terms. Sci Eng Ethics 13:351–359PubMedCrossRef
141.
World Medical Association (2013) Guidance on good clinical practice CPMP/ICH/135/95. World Medical Association
142.
Perkins GD, Bossaert L, Nolan J et al (2013) Proposed revisions to the EU clinical trials directive – comments from the European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation 84:263–264PubMedCrossRef
143.
Lemaire F (2014) Clinical research in the ICU: response to Kompanje et al. Intensive Care med 40:766PubMedCrossRef
144.
Coats TJ (2014) Barriers, regulations and solutions in emergency surgery research. Br J Surg 101:e3–e4PubMedCrossRef
145.
van Belle G, Mentzelopoulos SD, Aufderheide T, May S, Nichol G (2015) International variation in policies and practices related to informed consent in acute cardiovascular research: results from a 44 country survey. Resuscitation 91:76–83PubMedCrossRef
146.
Edelson DP, Litzinger B, Arora V et al (2008) Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing. Arch Intern Med 168:1063–1069PubMedCrossRef
147.
McInnes AD, Sutton RM, Nishisaki A et al (2012) Ability of code leaders to recall CPR quality errors during the resuscitation of older children and adolescents. Resuscitation 83:1462–1466PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
148.
Wolfe H, Zebuhr C, Topjian AA et al (2014) Interdisciplinary ICU cardiac arrest debriefing improves survival outcomes*. Crit Care Med 42:1688–1695PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
149.
Nolan JP, Soar J, Smith GB et al (2014) Incidence and outcome of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit. Resuscitation 85:987–992PubMedCrossRef
150.
Harrison DA, Patel K, Nixon E et al (2014) Development and validation of risk models to predict outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest attended by a hospital-based resuscitation team. Resuscitation 85:993–1000PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
151.
Chan PS, Berg RA, Spertus JA et al (2013) Risk-standardizing survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest to facilitate hospital comparisons. J Am Coll Cardiol 62:601–609PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
152.
Chan PS, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM et al (2012) A validated prediction tool for initial survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Arch Intern Med 172:947–953PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
153.
Larkin GL, Copes WS, Nathanson BH, Kaye W (2010) Pre-resuscitation factors associated with mortality in 49,130 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest: a report from the National Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Resuscitation 81:302–311PubMedCrossRef
154.
Ornato JP, Peberdy MA, Reid RD, Feeser VR, Dhindsa HS (2012) Impact of resuscitation system errors on survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 83:63–69PubMedCrossRef
155.
156.
157.
Girotra S, Spertus JA, Li Y et al (2013) Survival trends in pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests: an analysis from Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 6:42–49PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
158.
Gabbott D, Smith G, Mitchell S et al (2005) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation standards for clinical practice and training in the UK. Resuscitation 64:13–19PubMedCrossRef
159.
Grasner JT, Herlitz J, Koster RW, Rosell-Ortiz F, Stamatakis L, Bossaert L (2011) Quality management in resuscitation – towards a European cardiac arrest registry (EuReCa). Resuscitation 82:989–994PubMedCrossRef
160.
Grasner JT, Bossaert L (2013) Epidemiology and management of cardiac arrest: what registries are revealing. Best Prac Res Clin Anaesthesiol 27:293–306CrossRef
161.
Wnent J, Masterson S, Grasner JT et al (2015) EuReCa ONE – 27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry: a prospective observational analysis over one month in 27 resuscitation registries in Europe – the EuReCa ONE study protocol. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerge Med 23:7CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Ethik der Reanimation und Entscheidungen am Lebensende
verfasst von
L.L. Bossaert
G.D. Perkins
H. Askitopoulou
V.I. Raffay
R. Greif
K.L. Haywood
S.D. Mentzelopoulos
J.P. Nolan
P. Van de Voorde
T.T. Xanthos
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Notfall + Rettungsmedizin / Ausgabe 8/2015
Print ISSN: 1434-6222
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-0578
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-015-0083-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2015

Die Versorgung und Reanimation des Neugeborenen

  • ERC Leitlinien

2015 Resuscitation Guidelines

  • Editorial

Erste Hilfe

  • ERC Leitlinien

Kreislaufstillstand in besonderen Situationen

  • ERC Leitlinien

Postreanimationsbehandlung

  • ERC Leitlinien

Kurzdarstellung

  • ERC Leitlinien